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標題: 工程圖學常用詞匯 [打印本頁]
作者: 五民    時間: 2009-6-4 16:24
標題: 工程圖學常用詞匯
投影 projection
' Q& U1 E  Z1 t0 Z投影中心center of projection( Q+ e& j& x6 F7 g2 O
投影面projecting plane& {; R  T) B+ c7 ]. i! ^
投影線projecting line7 O! E# y' Q& z1 ]
中心投影法perspective projection
+ q( x8 i" q  b/ l8 L平行投影法parallel projection
6 ?4 U& t& {8 l0 V斜投影oblique projection) R6 K) v' d+ y
正投影orthographic projection
' {* i( f( G3 R正投影面frontal plane of projection1 ^$ L# w) |5 |( `4 ?. G$ C6 A2 A
側(cè)面投影面profile plane of projection) p$ z0 [! S' X0 W
投影圖projection drawing  U% B, w: v' |: x7 \6 k" J
三面投影圖three-plane projection drawing
5 y( f- X( Z# D投影軸axis of projection7 w: v! u: C8 L2 Q4 v) t* Z
投影特性characteristic of projection
1 |3 o0 I" A! ^, i6 j9 W不變性characteristic of true
: h9 ^+ k( l) y積聚性characteristic of concentration
! y& t3 @  B% o: l* h, i  V8 Y* [類似性characteristic of similarity
8 D% K2 U/ c7 J1 ]3 S+ f3 z視圖view- U6 T6 p0 G) Q! k- ~9 X+ e/ }  L
三視圖three-view drawing/ J3 ^9 c# y3 F
正面frontal plane
& B# l+ k; z/ \  t5 k正面投影frontal projection
9 Q  o' h) f$ M( f- n4 m水平面horizontal plane
1 h8 C5 w: _9 c2 G% Z+ t' p水平投影horizontal projection
9 Q9 _( W( j9 P. K側(cè)面profile plane5 [" {5 p) B9 K5 G
側(cè)面投影profile projection, a7 t7 N* ?6 m* N: `0 Q/ o
主視圖frontal view
9 q5 ~* K* h$ h8 i7 r( f俯視圖top view( w! B1 v( ]! O4 y% o" P4 ^
左視圖left side view* P! |9 f/ N/ i  I
立體solid0 _! r: q+ @2 Z/ F1 z4 I9 F
平面立體plane body
& B! v0 J2 r7 D1 n曲面立體body of curved surface( P+ g) T9 o; t* x
回轉(zhuǎn)面surface of revolution
4 t  a* B: Y2 `& |( g  k. f/ [棱柱prism' Z7 x7 c) @8 s9 q' f
棱錐pyramid
. x) Q9 F6 g7 H6 D* d8 O  _+ G# t邊side
- W3 g& K+ Y" G1 r: G) t% e頂點center vertex7 k4 W2 J* N" c8 S& \& e
棱edge
5 f" _9 s0 Z' R, n點point6 v6 U' k* q6 `8 |
直線line straight line! B5 Q1 z$ {/ ]1 Q: ?
棱錐臺truncated pyramid+ l. d3 g1 |1 `
frustum of pyramid
- K4 K* ]' n2 v重影coincidence of projection% ]1 O0 L; `# I/ @2 P
積聚concentrate
9 X  f' z9 ^. v! O; ?9 u變形deformation
5 y- g$ N8 m, L4 z$ ?7 \& J4 M實長true length ( C9 U) y5 l8 t. ]4 T; s
實形true shape* ~8 Z- ?2 n  L* r& }
正平線frontal line) l& K, l- Z. f9 _2 Y: i
水平線horizontal line1 ?9 Z, q* x: V! O
側(cè)平線profile line
9 C! \- c& {  r5 Q$ P一般位置直線oblique line
9 b0 c, Z$ n: t' J' v( @鉛垂線vertical line, frontal-profile line/ t+ ]0 Y( Q- d5 W& Q+ _- U! u
正垂線horizontal--profile line; `( c+ b7 P" p
側(cè)垂線frontal-horizontal line' }: q. q. S) L- T
一般位置平面oblique plane/ k4 A$ {4 @* [! `
相交intersection8 r9 O5 [7 G7 d7 H. X0 X
平行parallel
* E: E$ y4 f1 H; e9 ?" S4 R垂直perpendicular% R, |* F( ?4 i9 X
交線intersecting line, line of intersection" f( Z- c% B% F/ @
交點point of intersection
" y1 ?* n: A. \: s平行線parallel line9 t) [% {: V- ]6 Y
垂直線perpendicular line
- F2 {% @) t" O) [* d交叉線skew line, u* j2 g0 q4 F3 h7 X" y3 v7 r
長度length   t1 Q0 l2 e+ Y
寬度width: ]* P5 c/ B5 \: X  C8 M2 ^1 N! O% [
高度height
6 ^8 F# G1 u0 {6 D3 W: @組合體complex! a/ b. P4 `  Z# q/ @2 S
基本幾何體basic body6 C" x' @9 h) ~! J
相接built-up
4 n; ]8 J8 ~" Q- i2 O' v8 X相交inter section
* V: H0 Q; h7 f9 g. _相切tangent. K$ M+ Q4 r, z9 \
相貫penetration! s5 X3 X) R7 f0 T+ m$ c
支架brace
  ^! ]: s, t" A- k. S) X, K底板bottom board
" x8 T7 e; C# G, J+ @* z9 x8 y0 H) [肋rib
5 K7 W' Y, Z2 e* D( P2 c支承板bearing plate
9 T3 m% A' @/ K! p5 S輪廓線outline, contour line* [$ O$ D: C. w# q, [% k
底圖traced drawing
3 Y9 [# u* b6 [( F$ H4 @截平面cutting plane& F! p: C* P# s' d4 x% A! D1 f. S
截交線line of section
' V3 p. v  q; Q2 O3 b$ |, v二重性dual nature' F& R+ l" r5 b
平面曲線plane curve! D  E) u  G! G) f7 N+ J
圓弧arc
( ?9 X; K# s2 d1 A橢圓ellipse
0 V4 ^. `) t  m* g; a8 ^+ e長軸major axis
+ T2 Z: E/ g9 b& j4 t; `短軸minor axis
* u' ^- ]" m; D/ |- W! q1 i, A雙曲線hyperbola0 L3 X% }& H- S
拋物線parabola
; X5 o' l0 k, M2 v4 ?$ T圓circle
; h4 p, L+ Y3 x  U& l0 W  E圓錐頂conic apex
0 ]  i. }" q5 S& m7 o! s: Q" [& q5 O1 C  r相貫體intersecting bodies
8 k2 C* c' n( I7 y: h" E: G1 r/ q相貫線line of intersection
" C6 e& `# L! A$ E* n* a2 }" B空間曲線space curve5 g( M. t+ W6 \6 r4 D  x: m& }# u+ r
截平面方法cutting plane method" u6 X9 H8 S' ?0 e$ O! z3 B& N3 Y
輔助面auxiliary surface- ~+ f! j/ C0 G
輔助平面auxiliary plane8 w1 o: |# R/ {( s4 P4 i) A( J+ S$ U
最高點culminating point
+ o3 b; e* ^; j3 F尺寸Size+ _2 n: v) Q4 @& b% u  g
定形尺寸size dimension
4 F" ?' f- O' Z6 w4 D3 u定位尺寸location dimension% R& p' {' U) F5 N
左視圖right view1 D+ T, x$ @3 q4 K) v
后視圖rear view, back view
9 b5 E0 O  S% E7 q仰視圖bottom view6 n: n8 b: h" O) b: X% c
輔助圖auxiliary view4 R7 K: w; h' h  _6 Q$ e3 y7 Q
局部視圖partial view, broken view2 S# h8 V& C+ o0 j3 n4 B
斜視圖oblique view
( c5 ^$ m0 s, ?$ w! w, [旋轉(zhuǎn)視圖revolved view, aligned view# x* k4 M. Z) C: K2 F! |" w2 N
剖視圖sectional view, section6 `3 u  Y# L% r0 k$ H* F) y
全剖視full section6 o3 G4 E% ~7 Q+ Y7 u) g* {
半剖視half section9 b4 t0 `/ {; \) R- ]/ v& B$ o. n
局部剖視圖partial section, broken-out section- W% n/ t# U& m4 r  {0 y: r, m& I
斜剖視圖oblique section4 t  n9 L8 R( w. N/ n1 l
旋轉(zhuǎn)剖視圖aligned section& P6 r1 }4 {  E& G+ p: q+ G2 \7 W9 ?: t
階梯剖視echelon section, offset section
" G2 n. V% O* D# F) g復合剖視compound section
; z0 H6 e$ K1 G8 [, E# A" }6 d- g9 |剖面圖section, sectional view9 }- N$ p1 `5 I
重合剖面coincide section, revolved section6 X* }& J( [: D& o: @
移出剖面removed section' d/ s# k. j/ H3 P
剖面線section line; M6 [9 S' k/ ?5 {& b
剖面符號symbols for section-lining
$ m' Q6 |/ S  K8 h習慣畫法conventional drawing0 Z! _9 X% [, V# y
局部放大圖 drawing of partial enlargement
# l) w. `0 Z* |/ @9 B1 o零件圖detail drawing, working drawing# M6 a# x( f# }) H' F
第三角投影third angle projection  v4 b1 C! {3 L$ S2 c
粗實線continuous thick line, full line, visible line
2 J6 I* ]' G  O, P/ H6 T細實線continuous thin line
2 L9 e8 q% B, B, A4 ^虛線dot line, dashed line, hidden line8 f5 `2 }  P' f
點劃線dash and dot line0 m2 J. K' p; P8 }2 R' o
雙點劃線double dots line  X) G5 ^8 h+ K0 y/ e0 v7 p$ {
波浪線break line
1 Y6 Y! z4 d) {9 }' `斷裂線* y: J  J7 O8 {5 J+ j* v
剖切平面跡線cutting plane line
4 v$ w/ H7 Z$ i- }尺寸線dimension line" M: w7 H" f! K) p7 r2 \2 Q  d
尺寸界線extension tine
! v8 M; w: v+ L% k尺寸dimension size
- x0 L) Z6 }" G; ]箭頭arrowhead
6 q* J" t8 V$ _( m, o基準datum' U" P& A0 k* u. V/ f2 r
基準線datum line
& F! l" c. u$ `0 z6 H基準面datum plane7 E  X% g" l% \, w1 q: s4 {
中心孔central hole& v7 ~. P- O0 |- }" A
中心距center distance
, c1 p) |! E; J( [/ g軸shaft, axle
5 b( @. W5 _* P' _0 p5 N孔hole( C5 T- @* V3 C7 G3 n' z- L  ~" P
斜孔inclination& B; R7 B! M- g: f3 g& F; r
裝配圖assembly drawing
- X5 f2 ]; q. E6 @2 I性能尺寸characteristic dimension! V- t8 _* @$ u2 l
大小尺寸size dimension$ `: P- g9 ^# S" A5 T0 g( m1 M
總體尺寸outer dimension) A) M; F& e8 L$ `! Y  R
外形尺寸: [' o( e7 m! `
配合尺寸fit dimension0 b0 B8 ?. }; L5 W! g% z
內(nèi)圓角fillet
2 e: y$ z+ }/ A' s7 a4 C外圓角round
1 s' z, W  a! g4 r+ ~  }. {4 M4 x尖角sharp corner. ^8 g7 ~  F$ a# \
倒角chamfer7 e8 E1 q* B* I) x: i
輪緣flange of wheel
" @& N- F5 _& z緣,、邊,、環(huán)rim
* _; V; p" m. w) n( @軸肩shoulder1 p6 }/ Y: a" K8 C
凸臺boss
9 v- R4 L( g: v6 T% T凹坑concave pit5 Y. |. f/ x( J$ u5 t: `: \1 g
軸頸shaft neck
) o' k3 t  D+ V$ Q( |2 i' D9 f輪轂hub
7 C% K! G, d( y( x+ N7 k. W輪輻spoke, spoke of wheel
) I7 s, @5 _/ D& s* e直紋滾花straight knurling s( ^, E, I) }& r  p/ H
網(wǎng)紋滾花hatching knurling" H; \4 _1 M- |8 a) ^6 b
鍵槽key-way6 D9 T& ?2 `+ t: k, b6 X9 t
退刀槽escape1 b3 g+ z4 H3 {; q8 D; \
拔模斜度pattern draft- h3 I( T6 m+ u; w: @/ Y! d8 Y
填料盒g(shù)land box" Y) N. ]1 E8 Z# S* w. N
油槽oil groove) Y& d0 p0 a3 p' _
油封oil seal
作者: 五民    時間: 2009-6-4 16:25
標準件standard parts
) V! C( M! a1 B$ m+ z1 X螺紋thread
. n$ c& C. p( Y+ ~$ o外螺紋external thread, ?, {( M1 K$ k$ q6 G
內(nèi)螺紋internal thread& N  M1 a0 H; p1 ]
大徑major diameter. S4 A/ W2 _3 K' T
小徑minor diameter
: U+ k6 C3 Q6 W8 Z% z) I4 `螺距pitch of thread
7 @. d* \  T2 x5 b9 F* e& h# X牙型form of thread/ N) q2 W$ y$ n9 t
旋向direction of turning
0 `! B* b; q- I; j右旋螺紋right-hand thread' ~- Y+ L, v5 S3 S" o
左旋螺紋left-hand thread; }) E& W0 Z* K4 w; t0 B  ^
頭數(shù)number of thread
7 c( R& D- F4 ?6 l導程lead) b- ~6 J/ M  `$ `7 {
粗牙coarse thread
& x. w1 D6 t" n9 G/ m& \7 }細牙fin thread
1 I0 L! r, T, E' Q. A( e" b( x" \  \螺栓bolt, ?- F, ^1 e- s$ {/ V0 n# d& L
螺釘screw
( F. J% f' B6 \- O5 F螺柱stud
  X* V; r6 g$ e+ G: \/ h3 g! d螺母nut
4 c. E. Y& ^5 X墊片washer2 K9 v& [; W, i* X0 ^" u- A7 A" ^
公差tolerance
$ Q4 {/ D2 _( Y公差帶tolerance zone
4 B  R& N7 g6 }8 y# G/ M( e零線zero line
) e+ G- z4 j, \標準公差standard tolerance
6 v5 q3 X: T2 p( G) I公差等級tolerance grade& l$ o$ ^, Y# Y( t& ^7 j) P
基本偏差fundamental deviation# v$ v5 i2 F* t9 d
配合fit& W8 C; l- H5 [* Y6 i
間隙配合clearance fit8 [  N$ ~. n1 P3 Y) r/ O  ]8 _9 ?9 ~
過盈interference
# g/ x, t6 [4 R  l( y) ~2 x過盈配合interference fit  L2 |2 d0 n0 x' c1 {7 A! n
過渡配合transition fit: m$ R! \! m, R# p" I! I
基孔制hole-basic system of fits & U- F2 d& v* {) v" y
基軸制shaft-basic system of fits
4 P! y- z# i. g. X7 t) ?* c間隙clearance; _) e# n4 M* `8 u8 n' t
形狀公差tolerance in form, form tolerance
  L$ z6 B( y% n0 [直線度straightness
5 s! F* r- G, S. w1 c平面度flatness
# e- c; ]- ~) E5 G. h4 L: Y& s圓度roundness$ J# [# I; c$ ^$ l5 [! k
圓柱度cylindricity
+ x8 ^, t4 s" D* j/ m! z線輪廓度profile of any line
* T2 a# ]" s6 C- X' _+ q面輪廓度profile of any plane) K2 }& I7 @( i. ~& `, h
位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances  `! M8 U; d$ |! T$ |' ]* q
平行度 parallelism
( f: l/ {3 u5 C+ T; F+ Z齒輪gear6 Y' E) b) P" [; W
圓柱齒輪cylindrical gear, q5 u; p( ~: R( |9 K
正齒輪spur gear7 j* W9 d0 ?1 y4 _& S6 E! h1 f5 }* G
斜齒輪spiral gear- g; O7 s' W5 Q0 w7 ~: I3 J0 V
輪齒gear tooth
! b& T$ p- P$ m. T6 f( |! [9 d9 [節(jié)圓pitch circle
9 X% F. ]: H4 N2 ~齒頂圓addendum circle, outside circle
1 \8 j7 j( B/ n( O" o( R1 R齒根圓root circle, addendum circle3 k$ g+ L1 |$ C5 T2 j
模數(shù)modulus1 u% S$ F& B' m) Y# o
齒數(shù)number of teeth! J; i- O1 W$ o3 U+ h- t1 h
齒高tooth height
1 d$ A* [8 D* b  H" C& ]+ W齒頂高height of addendum
0 x# R5 E; I2 ]: Y# w9 v齒根高height of addendum# [, |; X0 g* n
齒厚circular thickness( C* }! V9 o" `1 J2 z" Z* g
齒間tooth space2 w* N: q( i5 U
齒寬tooth width% P& f& R# m4 i$ x% N
壓力角angle of pressure% z  R7 h# O' O# y3 [
彈簧spring
% Z# b+ I7 J1 W1 _銷pin
, D0 B5 t8 M* d- M圓柱銷round pin
. H7 |- I2 g* c" g* k圓錐銷taper pin
; t0 i: ?$ P8 L3 l, Y& ?+ ?1 P6 |開口銷cotter pin, split
$ S; t; g& s4 o$ U3 d鍵key" i% ?% b3 ^. T1 R$ p6 n3 f  `
平鍵flat key$ g5 u8 N4 V. F! {5 u6 u! E
半圓鍵half round key, woodruff key6 }7 z5 N: f: R# L7 b! l2 a* x
軸承bearing
4 M4 Q) U) f: i7 D( ]滾動軸承rolling bearing, ?: A, D$ a8 y7 g/ s! ]1 u+ K& z7 ]
向心鈾承radial bearing  }! J- B3 ?" y5 f& P; _4 L
密封裝置sealing equipment
2 }. u! V) ~4 [+ l鎖緊裝置locking equipment0 F. ?$ m' t+ D: y8 |! [
粗糙度roughness
  [& n! y  A% c  U" a基本尺寸basic size
0 [2 V# i6 |* |+ Z! l1 s5 j. B* f實際尺寸actual size  D- C2 s& R% O1 \, N1 d3 S
極限尺寸limits size
" F6 k5 P: m5 h  M7 [7 \* |最大極限尺寸maximum limit of size
4 }5 h/ x$ ^/ G! D  V最小極限尺寸minimum limit of size9 k. ]) x5 e) g( [, ]
偏差deviation4 N) z# o$ Y! Y; A( b2 u: N
上偏差upper deviation
, p! T: m4 ^3 F8 e" f- G' b下偏差lower deviation
8 v4 R* X+ \; C' V& j! c垂直度perpendicularity/ u) a! R6 t& @' d9 S
傾斜度angularity
6 _  X% S& p, f& X0 N同軸度concentricity, e% _$ |  S  w# H8 ?. I. n
對稱度symmetry3 q  q9 q, W9 L" C2 {+ N" |
位置度true position( j" o0 u$ c2 G. v0 k+ v
跳動run-out
% j( h* I$ J7 p" u( X  y" l( ]  U圓跳動cycle run-out2 _9 u/ J: W2 Q* p+ z0 b9 d
全跳動total run-out ' h+ P/ b1 \/ m/ m+ g1 X9 G
軸測投影axonometric projection
7 X: s" Z7 T0 v2 @軸測投影面plane of axonometric projection
! R0 _. N% h# z, F3 ^; L4 S4 Q+ ?軸測圖axonometric drawing( S9 \& C, x% `$ C% T8 s( c
正等軸測投影isometric projection
% o2 p: S2 T6 U# }1 F正二測bimetric projection
( X; y, p% J8 i斜二測oblique bimetric projection. E) c( _! x# c+ F7 m! N1 A
軸測軸axonometric axis
/ a3 D% A. t/ F1 s: }. \' l軸間角axis angle, angle between ales
- {: Z6 P: C$ b縮短foreshortened
$ l0 H* u8 Z! a- D  L軸向縮短率coefficient of axial5 B9 U' K; P8 A! N9 x
deformation ratio of
0 \+ S" M# @: Z+ Y% k5 cfore shortening for any axis
+ F; ?1 d. u5 u0 g切割法cutting method, by cutting* w9 u: y) l) q# X# `" G
方箱法boxing method
1 m8 \6 V, w* E4 D1 e坐標法coordinate method3 c7 P1 t/ B3 J: w# U
方框法enclosing-square method
7 {# M2 e% Q: a! k& w( y四心近似法four-center approximate method



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