CMMs and their history三坐標測量機及其歷史

吟嘯徐行

轉帖
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CMMs and their history
: h& \/ D& L; a' U) ^5 d3 U3 l& Z三坐標測量機及其歷史
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The Coordinate Measuring Machine first appeared in the early 60's and the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) industry was immediately born. The earliest Machine was a 3D devices with a simple DRO displaying the XYZ position of the X Y Z Machine.
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坐標測量機問世于1960'年代，坐標測量機工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展,。最早的坐標測量機是一個僅僅配備XYZ三軸數(shù)顯的三維設備。

The first CMM Devices were probably introduced by the Italian company DEA (Digital Electronic Automation Spa) which introduced a Portal Frame CMM with Hard Probe
第一臺坐標測量機設備可能是由意大利DEA公司發(fā)明的門式結構并配置硬測頭的測量機,。
Ferranti Metrology from Scotland introduced its Cantilever CMM with D R O and Fixed Probes.  Ferranti (now International Metrology Systems or IMS ) probably introduced the first DCC CMM (Direct Computer Assist) while DEA claim to have introduced the first CNC CMM.
蘇格蘭Ferranti計量公司發(fā)明了懸臂測量機，配置數(shù)顯設備和硬測頭,。Ferranti（現(xiàn)在的IMS公司）可能發(fā)明了第一臺DCC測量機,，而DEA發(fā)明了第一臺CNC測量機,。
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LK Tool, also from the UK have long claimed to produce the first Bridge CMM that has become the standard configuration for CMM Machines in past years. Cantilever CMM, Bridge CMM, Gantry CMM, Horizontal Arm CMM, Portal CMM, Moving Table CMM, Fixed Bridge CMM and Articulated Arm CMM have all become other common configurations for CMMs.
來自英國的LK公司宣稱產(chǎn)生了第一臺橋式測量機，并在過去的數(shù)年中成為測量機的標準結構。懸臂測量機,，橋式測量機，龍門測量機,，水平臂測量機,，門式測量機,，活動平臺測量機，固定橋式測量機和關節(jié)臂測量機也已成為其他常見的測量機結構。

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% [4 _- b! y& o5 Z9 }- P) eThe C.M.M. industry today produces over 6000 CMMs annually; C.M.M's come either as a Manual CMM where the CMM Operator manually guides the ManualCMM around the part to undertake CMM Inspection or as a CNC CMM where the CMM is driven automatically from the CMM Part Program.

如今,，坐標測量機工業(yè)每年生產(chǎn)6000臺測量機,，坐標測量機有手動方式和自動方式兩種工作方式：手動方式是操作員手動牽引測量機,，在零件工作表面采點；自動方式是坐標測量機由測量機程序控制,，完成測量機自動檢測,。
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% O" X3 \" I1 u, xThe largest proliferation of CMM Companies have come from the UK.
3 R, z: [5 |5 N: S! D測量機最大的發(fā)展來自英國的測量機公司。
Ferranti Metrology started the UK CMM Industry and licensed their technology to Bendix Corporation in the U.S after a short period where Bendix acted as CMM Sales Agents in the US for the Ferranti CMM. Bendix CMM became the dominant CMM Supplier with its Cordax CMM during the 60's and 70' later becoming known as the Sheffield CMM or Sheffield Company. The Cordax CMM was primarily a Cantilever Style Manual CMM with Hard Probes migrating to Touch Probes from Renishaw as the technology became available. DCC CMMs from Cordax and Sheffield also became popular as computers entered the field of CMM Metrology.

6 L, W+ t/ i4 ~, r' BFerranti計量公司開創(chuàng)了英國的坐標測量機工業(yè),，作為Ferranti計量公司的坐標測量機代理商,，美國的邦迪克斯公司得到授權，開始生產(chǎn)坐標測量機,。邦迪克斯坐標測量機處于六七十年代統(tǒng)治地位,，并最終發(fā)展成為今天的謝菲爾德測量機公司,。邦迪克斯坐標測量機最初只生產(chǎn)配置硬測頭的手動懸臂測量機,，慢慢演變成可配置雷尼紹觸發(fā)測頭。當計算機應用于測量機工業(yè)后,，邦迪克斯公司和謝菲爾德公司開始生產(chǎn)DCC坐標測量機。

IMS machines include the Impact CMM, Merlin CMM, and the Umpire CMM a flexible shop-floor gage.
7 g+ i0 q. T4 j9 l- |/ _LK CMMs are the G80 CMM, G90 CMM, G80C CMM, G90C CMM and use LK DMIS or Cameo CMM software.
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Other UK CMM Manufacturers have included W & A Metrology, Status Metrology, Eley & Warren, LK Tool, Notsa, Vickers Maxicheck, Kemco, Disc GB and International Metrology Systems or IMS.

As part of the local industry consolidation Notsa was acquired by Vickers Maxicheck, which was subsequently taken over by Ferranti Metrology.

- [8 T3 V2 L* m7 P. XLK CMM known for a while as LK Tool and now known, as L.K. Metrology was a spin off from Notsa while Kemco and Eley Metrology were started by ex LK employees.
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其他英國坐標測量機廠家包括：
' n7 z; v$ |2 ?* B) n  T$ x+ O作為一個地方工業(yè)的合并,，Notsa被Vickers Maxicheck并購,，而隨后被Ferranti接管,。
' i  e, j* [2 z  ~' U5 \$ @LK來自Notsa的一個事業(yè)部,，而Kemco和Eley由LK的離職人員成立。
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8 m0 A/ I/ M3 [7 r3 NItalian CMM Companies have included D.E.A., Poli, Coord3, and Prima.
Prima Industries were focused on Shopfloor CMMs and the CMM Gage and were the first to recognize Flexible Metrology as the future of Shopfloor Gaging, they were acquired by DEA in the early 90's who also purchased the Renault CMM Company from France. DEA are one of the most famous CMM Brands and DEA CMM's can be found in most countries of the world; its brands of CMM include the DEA Omicron CMM, DEA IOTA CMM, DEA Epsilon CMM, DEA Beta CMM, DEA Delta CMM, DEA Gamma CMM, DEA Swift CMM, DEA Omega CMM, DEA Bravo CMM and DEA Lambda CMM. DEA are famous for having produced the largest Gantry Coordinate Measuring Machines ever built.
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# @2 R3 J2 q* v! H6 B意大利坐標測量機公司包括DEA,Poli,Coord3和Prima.
Prima側重于車間級坐標測量機,，90年代初被DEA公司并購,。DEA同時并購了法國雷諾測量機公司。DEA是世界著名測量機品牌,，DEA測量機暢銷到世界各地,。DEA以生產(chǎn)世界最大龍門測量機而聞名。
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- J( x, H% Y4 y  \French Coordinate Measuring Machine companies have included Renault CMM whose CMMs were marketed in the US by Federal CMM along side their own CMM's that originated with Boice, CMA who have recently changed their name from MFO after a merger with Tri-ax and Tri-Measure who specialized in Ceramic Structure CMM's. French CMM Software includes Prelude Inspect; now part of Matra and Metrologic the developers of Metrolog II metrology software.
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( H- X7 M' r  i) [; [: p法國測量機公司包括雷諾測量機公司,，測量機在美國通過測量機聯(lián)盟,，起源于Boice，CMA,由MFO與Tri-ax 和 Tri-Measure合并后易名而得，專業(yè)于陶瓷機構測量機,。法國測量機軟件包括Prelude Inspect,。部分Matra 和 Metrologic開發(fā)人員開發(fā)了Metrolog II
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  r/ q4 j5 i* ^) [5 AGerman Coordinate-Measuring-Machine companies include the industry leading Zeiss CMM who is the largest along with Wenzel, Mora, and Steifflmeyer, the latter three are all famous for Horizontal CMM's.
2 p7 W- y6 u1 X. r5 tWenzel is the fastest growing CMM company in Europe and the largest Renishaw Probe customer.
Carl Zeiss CMM produces the High Accuracy CMM with Scanning Probes while most other CMM brands use the Renishaw Touch Probe. Zeiss CMM names include Zeiss Prismo Vast CMM, Zeiss WMM CMM, Zeiss UMC CMM, Zeiss UC CMM, Zeiss UPMC CMM, Zeiss Eclipse CMM, Contura CMM, Vista CMM. The Zeiss Horizontal Arm CMM are named Zeiss Carmet CMM, Zeiss SMC CMM and Zeiss SMM CMM. Zeiss Probes are the Vast Probe, HSS Probe Head, RDS/RST, Zeiss also manufacture the manual CMM called ScanMax which uses ScanWare Software. Zeiss offer the Calypso CMM Software as well as Holos CMM Software, and have developed CMM-OS to allow 3rd party Metrology Software to be interfaced to Zeiss CMMs. The Zeiss Vast CMM system has dominated the automotive power train application over past years.

One other German CMM manufacturer is Leitz, (now named The Wezlar CMM) which has always specialized in the Ultra High Accuracy CMM and was acquired by Brown and Sharpe in the early 90's.

德國坐標測量機公司包括測量機工業(yè)領先者蔡司公司，以及溫澤,，馬爾和Steifflmeyer,。后三者以生產(chǎn)水平臂測量機著稱。蔡司公司后來并購了Steifflmeyer,。
' ]& d2 j! c2 S, ?' j& a% \溫澤是歐洲發(fā)展最為迅速的測量機公司，而且是雷尼紹公司最大的客戶,。
( `8 l3 R/ i4 T, {% a6 I卡爾蔡司測量機生產(chǎn)高精度測量機,，配置掃描測頭，而其他測量機品牌使用雷尼紹觸發(fā)測頭,。蔡司VAST測量機系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在汽車發(fā)動機行業(yè)領先了數(shù)十年,。
+ J# P3 g" {  E# t6 }) d. f另一家德國測量機廠家是萊茲Leitz，專業(yè)于生產(chǎn)高精密測量機,，萊茲Leitz一直和蔡司Zeiss競爭,，但由于實力懸殊（萊茲Leitz是家族企業(yè)，而蔡司Zeiss是基金會企業(yè)）,，1990's初被Brown and Sharpe并購,。以前的Leitz的家族企業(yè)演變成今天的萊卡Leica
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/ c5 w5 K6 P1 q% j' g0 `+ c7 ~Switzerland produced the SIP Company manufacturer of the SIP CMM another High Accuracy CMM. In addition Switzerland is the home of Metromec the first mainstream supplier of PC based Metrology Software, which became popular with most CMM Manufacturers in the mid 80's and CMM Users who started looking for User Friendly CMM Systems. Today Metromec is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wenzel and is a main stream supplier of CAD CMM software.
$ m# P  M3 k2 @* E; c0 g  X瑞典的SIP公司生產(chǎn)SIP高精度測量機。另外,，瑞典是Metromec公司的總部,，第一個PC機計量軟件的主流供應商，1980年代中期在測量機生產(chǎn)廠家流行,，用戶友好測量機系統(tǒng),。今天，Metromec由溫澤公司完全控股,，是基于CAD系統(tǒng)的測量機軟件主流供應商,。
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+ U* t* G5 W. n) |5 ?" s% ySweden only has one Coordinate Measuring Machine Supplier the C.E. Johansson Company known as CEJ or C.E.J. this company was merged with Ram Optical the Metrology Division of Newport in 2000 and recently was sold the Hexagon and became an integral part of the Hexagon Metrology Group.
- c) L& w  _. n5 ^- b3 }' d瑞士只有一個坐標測量機供應商，C.E. Johansson,。該公司2000年被賣給Hexagon,，成為Hexagon集團的主要成員


Spain has entered the CMM industry in recent years with the Trimek CMM.
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西班牙只是最近幾年才進入坐標測量機行業(yè)，主要是鐵姆肯坐標測量機,。

The United States has its own CMM Manufacturing Companies all producing CMM's.
. A: F1 I2 _7 o& Z' gSheffield was the dominant name in the CMM Market with its Apollo RS CMM, Cordax CMM, Sheffield 1808 in Manual CMM and DCC CMM configurations. The latest Sheffield CMMs are the Discovery CMM and the Endeavor CMM. Sheffield became part of Giddings & Lewis in the late '80's and are now known as Sheffield Measurement. Its CMM-Software called Direct Inspect and Measure Max, are one of the most well known and its CMM Programming Language, is Sheffield FLB. CAD Path Software provides the CMM Programming capabilities using CAD data. Federal Products built CMM's for a few years and in addition marketed the Renault CMM. Today Brown & Sharpe (BNS) are the largest Coordinate Measuring Machine builder; Brown and Sharpe have acquired Leitz, and DEA in recent years in an effort to consolidate the CMM Industry. Brown and Sharp produce CMM-Products including the Xcel CMM, Microval CMM, Reflex CMM, Mistral CMM, Scirocco CMM, Global CMM, Gage 2000 CMM in addition to other Metrology Tools. BrownandSharpe CMM Software includes MM4, Avail, Tutor for Windows and PC DMIS. Wilcox and Associates are the developers of PCDMIS and were acquired recently by Hexagon who is also the new owners of BrownandSharp the exclusive supplier of PC-DMIS.
Other domestic CMM Builders include Helmel, Taurus, Elm Systems, Resource Engineering, Starrett and a few small others. Starret have recently stopped development of its own CMM Software and now market the Metrolog II product under the name Apogee and the QC5000 CMM Software from Metronics.

With the acquisition of Brown & Sharpe by Hexagon a new company was formed called Xygent who was the owner of Xact Measure a next generation CMM Software with full CAD capability with a special metrology focus on GD&T. This product represented a challenger to PC DMIS. XactMeasure has been taken off the market following the acquisition of Xygent by Hexagon Metrology.

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% n8 J8 r  R' E" L美國有自己的測量機生產(chǎn)公司,。
( u8 Q4 M( T2 P: h謝菲爾德Sheffield在測量機行業(yè)市場上有統(tǒng)治地位。1980年代末謝菲爾德成為Giddings & Lewis的一部分,。Federal 生產(chǎn)了幾年測量機,，并市場運作雷諾測量機。如今，Brown & Sharpe是美國最大的坐標測量機廠家,。Brown & Sharpe并購了Leitz,DEA努力鞏固測量機業(yè),，近來Wilcox，謝菲爾德Sheffield也被Brown & Sharpe并購,。
其他測量機廠家包括Helmel, Taurus, Elm Systems, Resource Engineering, Starrett
Brown & Sharpe被Hexagon并購后,，Xygent公司成立，開發(fā)了XactMeasure,，下一代基于兼容CAD系統(tǒng)的測量機軟件,。該產(chǎn)品與PC-DMIS競爭。

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Japan has several Coordinate Measuring Machines builders including the world's largest Metrology Equipment manufacturer Mitutoyo also known as MTI who export their products to a global market. The Mitutoyo Bright CMM, Bright Apex CMM are probably the best selling CMM globally. Tokyo Semitsu licensed their original CMM Technology from Ferranti, and Tokyo Boeki is a producer of Arm CMM's. Mitutoyo over the years used nomenclature for their CMM's like FN Series. BHN Series, BN Series with the BHN504, BHN706 and BHN715 being among the most popular. Mitutoyo CMMs and Mitutoyo CMM were built mechanically accurate until the launch of the Bright CMM.
日本有幾個測量機生產(chǎn)廠家,，包括世界最大的計量設備生產(chǎn)廠家三豐,。東京精密最初從Ferranti得到授權，生產(chǎn)測量機,，現(xiàn)在,，東京精密和蔡司聯(lián)手，在日本國內與三豐競爭,。

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Korea has one CMM Manufacturer called Dukin CMM Company.
; _" ~0 V; K1 K韓國有一個測量機廠家,，德仁。同時,，德仁在中國山東濟南建廠,。

' D& J8 S; ]: z: t* y海克斯康06年貼,，資料比較老了

mixin0756

現(xiàn)在國產(chǎn)的三坐標精度,、質量、穩(wěn)定性都很好,，完全可以取代進口,。

gansuo0321

長見識了，國產(chǎn)的也不錯

寶龍

路過 了解一下.................

finleyfeng

很好啊  了解一下CMM的歷史

skystudio

張兄,，多謝分享�,。。,。,。。,。,。,。�,！

LE20618334

希望用自己國家的好不好,不要把錢送給別人了,

吟嘯徐行

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. c1 F  k* H  I* Z2 `接下來看誰寫中國三坐標歷史了,，

4 _4 i7 s) e7 l4 R+ Z百度貼吧里面轉過來的，不負責內容真實性,，不打口水戰(zhàn),。
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前面看了一些帖子講國產(chǎn)三坐標質量的問題,盡量客觀得說下我認識下的國內三坐標.

因為本身的技術和材料工藝電控系統(tǒng)落后于國外,所以國內的三坐標精度和穩(wěn)定性肯定是要比國外的測量機要差.
, h7 @( R! A9 T; c但是一個產(chǎn)品的購買,性價比是考慮的關鍵.
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國外的機器精度確實很高,但是從本身價格年檢軟件升級售后服務 各項的費用都不低.
5 }! N. S: H! b* A% K能滿足使用要求的情況下,選擇一個國產(chǎn)的三坐標測量機是挺合適的選擇.
如果對精度要求非常高或者說錢很多,買個蔡司的機器是很不錯的.
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國內的機器,歷史上大多從 303所愛德華前哨所分出來的人成立的公司在做.
每個公司注重的方面不同,機器精度大多在同一個層次上,有略好一些的.
303的機器運動比較慢,但是精度很好,他的人員水平大概是這個行業(yè)里總體最高的.
1 d7 A/ H4 ^' j. W; j5 {麥科的機器和售后都是很注意的,感覺是可以長期穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的,但是市場有點單一.
, _% n. T+ o; @5 m, CFD的市場鋪得很開,但是因為有次技術人員斷層,對公司發(fā)展有一定影響.
雷頓是繼承前哨的發(fā)展比較正統(tǒng)的,公司規(guī)模也相對較大,就是有點家族企業(yè)的感覺.
5 Y% [2 a( {9 K. e) |: X思瑞的市場做的很好,算是在國內三坐標公司發(fā)展最為成功的,然后被海收購了.
力德是從愛德華分出來的企業(yè),機器自己研發(fā)，精度是國內算不錯的,人員水平也比較高,資金也不錯,一個很均衡的企業(yè).
還有很多國內的三坐標生產(chǎn)商,因為不了解就不評論了.

/ l; {+ ]* X" L4 t( w( G國外的機器,精度和穩(wěn)定性最好的是蔡司,德國人嚴謹?shù)淖鍪嘛L格,在做精密儀器上的優(yōu)勢無可替代.
�,？怂箍凳召彽娜R滋,蔡司,Wenzel  是目前國外精度最好的三坐標機器生產(chǎn)商業(yè),三個無例外都是德國企業(yè).

�,？怂箍狄驗槭召彽臋C器太多，實在搞不清楚它的幾個機型的精度如何,印象里只記住了 萊資的精度很好.

2 [, P" n" N8 o( v' RCOORD3和ARCO被METRIS收購后,也不知道情況如何.
明天三豐的機器就可以在海外市場銷售了,那時候三坐標的市場情況估計又會有大的變化了.

吟嘯徐行

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希望用自己國家的好不好,不要把錢送給別人了,
! h, t7 A- R" k4 V% o9 d/ oLE20618334 發(fā)表于 2010-4-20 00:38

三坐標是機械配套的,，不是直接面對市場的
' J7 Y# b2 N2 ?& i如果中國制造的產(chǎn)品能占領市場,，換掉三坐標那是輕輕松松的事情。問題是中國整體制造業(yè)還不行啊
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7 S8 f% p' f/ [9 W如果想用國產(chǎn)的三坐標,，以后買最終產(chǎn)品就記住買國產(chǎn)的就行了。群體事件是可以改變一些事情的,。
* i3 \( r  H6 }想用國產(chǎn)三坐標,，先問自己一句，你用的電腦是那家的,？用的手機是那家的,？如果想買車，買那家的
如果你買美國蘋果的手機和電腦,，黑莓,，諾基亞手機等 買德國大眾的車，還有大奔啊,，奧迪啊,，標致啊，寶馬啊,，就不要提上面的話

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0 }  O! p, Q6 N( B對于老板來說,，想接日本單，就要買三豐的,，想接德國企業(yè)的單,，就要買蔡司的，想要接國企或者美國的,，就要買�,？怂箍档臋C器，
這個是現(xiàn)實決定的,，沒辦法,！

9 c0 z% j5 l5 o# ?, q2 o等哪天國內企業(yè)往外發(fā)單的時候,，國產(chǎn)三坐標的春天就來了！

吟嘯徐行

現(xiàn)在國產(chǎn)的三坐標精度,、質量,、穩(wěn)定性都很好，完全可以取代進口,。
mixin0756 發(fā)表于 2010-4-15 18:10

簡單從技術上來說如此,，至少夠用了
$ D9 N; ~' z6 X8 K! e) g
& {! k# D0 l) `& c  F* F但市場從來不是技術單方面決定的，這個受國家整體實力影像