蓋茨：我深信核能會(huì)像疫苗一樣產(chǎn)生革命性影響

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作者：葛維維

2018年底,，蓋茨先生第三次接受《中國核工業(yè)》雜志專訪,。專訪中,，他提出了很多核能發(fā)展的創(chuàng)新理念,，比如要保證核能在無碳發(fā)電中的地位,；比如核電不能只盯著生活和商業(yè)用電,，重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在交通和工業(yè)用電等,。我們精選了專訪中的獨(dú)到觀點(diǎn),。

1.對(duì)我來說，能夠在核能等迷人的領(lǐng)域工作是一種幸運(yùn),。我與很多才華橫溢的人合作,，研究那些能夠產(chǎn)生巨大影響的想法。

2.現(xiàn)在真正讓我全心全意地?fù)湓谏厦娴氖潜葼柤懊妨者_(dá)·蓋茨基金會(huì)和泰拉能源的工作,。這些工作有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn),，就是都能有機(jī)會(huì)去解決人類目前面臨的一些緊迫挑戰(zhàn)。

3.我們致力于提供所有人都能享受到的便宜,、可靠的電力能源,。我相信這項(xiàng)技術(shù)會(huì)像軟件和疫苗一樣產(chǎn)生革命性的影響,。

4.更多地利用核能和可再生能源等清潔能源來發(fā)電阻止全球氣候變化，需要個(gè)人和公共部門共同努力,，開發(fā)和部署這些能源,。

5.全球核能事業(yè)不斷發(fā)展，對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化,，創(chuàng)造增長(zhǎng),、發(fā)展的機(jī)遇非常重要。

6.先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代工程工具已經(jīng)克服了那些曾經(jīng)阻止核能發(fā)揮其全部潛力的困難,。

7.由于新的設(shè)計(jì)能夠減少核廢物和簡(jiǎn)化燃料循環(huán)的過程,，核能的部署將會(huì)更快。

8.美國優(yōu)先保證核能在無碳發(fā)電中的地位,。許多國家的電價(jià)還沒有包含空氣污染以及氣候變化帶來的額外成本,。

9.居民用電和商業(yè)用電僅占我們總能源消耗的三分之一左右，交通和工業(yè)過程消耗了另外三分之二能源,。核能的另一個(gè)巨大潛力就是它在工業(yè)過程中減少碳排放的能力,。

10.中國迅速增長(zhǎng)的對(duì)清潔能源的需求，使它成為未來新項(xiàng)目最具吸引力的市場(chǎng),。

專訪比爾·蓋茨：

擁抱核能,，應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化

記者：您曾作為微軟公司聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人享譽(yù)世界，但近十年來更多的人開始了解您是作為泰拉能源主席的身份,。由于您在能源領(lǐng)域的努力,，去年您還獲得了中國工程院外籍院士的頭銜。從計(jì)算機(jī)跨界到能源,，您如何看待這兩種身份的轉(zhuǎn)變,？

蓋茨先生：對(duì)我來說，能夠在許多迷人的領(lǐng)域工作是一種幸運(yùn),。在這些領(lǐng)域,，我與很多才華橫溢的人合作，研究那些能夠產(chǎn)生巨大影響的想法,。

當(dāng)我在微軟工作時(shí),，我和我的團(tuán)隊(duì)熱衷于開發(fā)很棒的軟件，這些軟件授予人們使用�,，F(xiàn)在我依然會(huì)參與微軟的一些工作,，但是真正讓我全心全意地?fù)湓谏厦娴氖潜葼柤懊妨者_(dá)·蓋茨基金會(huì)和泰拉能源的工作。這些工作有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn),，就是都能有機(jī)會(huì)去解決人類目前面臨的一些緊迫挑戰(zhàn),。比如，通過泰拉能源,，我們致力于提供所有人都能享受到的便宜,、可靠的電力能源,。我相信這項(xiàng)技術(shù)會(huì)像軟件和疫苗一樣產(chǎn)生革命性的影響。

記者：您曾在很多場(chǎng)合公開表示,，發(fā)展核能是解決人類能源問題最清潔有效的一種方式,，您也以實(shí)際行動(dòng)支持了這一想法。那么,，現(xiàn)今您如何看待核能的地位及其發(fā)展?jié)摿Γ?/font>

蓋茨先生：聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(huì)（IPCC）在其最新的報(bào)告中,，呼吁減少全球碳排放量。我們需要減少碳排放來阻止全球氣候變化,。實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵路徑就是更多地利用核能和可再生能源等清潔能源來發(fā)電,。這也需要個(gè)人和公共部門共同努力，開發(fā)和部署這些能源,。

過去60年里,，核能之所以能發(fā)揮如此重要的作用，很大程度上得益于國際合作,。正是因?yàn)閲�際合作,，目前全世界有10000多家醫(yī)院在使用醫(yī)用同位素；30個(gè)國家建造了400多座在運(yùn)的核反應(yīng)堆和245座正在運(yùn)行的研究用反應(yīng)堆,。全球核能事業(yè)不斷發(fā)展，對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化,，創(chuàng)造增長(zhǎng),、發(fā)展的機(jī)遇非常重要。

記者：要實(shí)現(xiàn)核電的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,，您覺得整個(gè)行業(yè)還面臨哪些方面的挑戰(zhàn),？如何看待和實(shí)現(xiàn)核電的全球發(fā)展？

蓋茨先生：目前很多國家正在部署先進(jìn)的核技術(shù),。包括中國,、印度和阿聯(lián)酋在內(nèi)的17個(gè)國家正在開工建設(shè)新的核電機(jī)組。

我樂觀地認(rèn)為,，像泰拉能源行波堆這樣先進(jìn)的核能技術(shù)將有助于消除公眾對(duì)核能安全性的一些擔(dān)憂,。先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代工程工具已經(jīng)克服了那些曾經(jīng)阻止核能發(fā)揮其全部潛力的困難，由于新的設(shè)計(jì)能夠減少核廢物和簡(jiǎn)化燃料循環(huán)的過程,，核能的部署將會(huì)更快,。

機(jī)構(gòu)如何為出售的電力定價(jià)，也將影響世界某些地區(qū)核能的未來,。美國目前優(yōu)先保證核能在無碳發(fā)電中的地位,。許多市場(chǎng)的電價(jià)還沒有包含空氣污染以及氣候變化帶來的額外成本。

核能的另一個(gè)巨大潛力就是它在工業(yè)過程中減少碳排放的能力,。居民用電和商業(yè)用電僅占我們總能源消耗的三分之一左右,，交通和工業(yè)過程消耗了另外三分之二能源,。

記者：此次您參加中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)還做了主旨發(fā)言，是否可以談一談您此行的一些想法,？今年中國已經(jīng)陸續(xù)實(shí)現(xiàn)三代核電技術(shù)AP1000,、EPR并網(wǎng)發(fā)電，您如何看待中國核電的發(fā)展前景,？

蓋茨先生：整個(gè)世界需要向著接近零溫室氣體排放的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn),，我認(rèn)為核能將在這個(gè)過程中扮演關(guān)鍵角色。IPCC最近的一份報(bào)告提到,，如果我們要避免氣候變化的最壞后果,，核能必須發(fā)揮更大的作用。中國迅速增長(zhǎng)的對(duì)清潔能源的需求,，使它成為未來新項(xiàng)目最具吸引力的市場(chǎng),。

比爾·蓋茨專訪英文原文

China Nuclear Industry Magazine Q&A

Q(Question):You are world famous as co-founder of Microsoft. In recent decades, people know more about your identification as the chairman of TerraPower. Last year, you were elected to Chinese Academy of Engineering for your endeavor in energy. What’s your opinion about the transformation of your two identities

A（Answer）:I’m very lucky that I get to work in many fascinating areas where I partner with brilliant people on ideas that could have a big impact. At Microsoft, we were passionate about writing great software that empowered people. I’m still involved with Microsoft today but am focusing full-time on my work with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation as well as TerraPower. What all this work has in common is the opportunity to help people solve pressing challenges. For example with TerraPower we are trying to help create affordable, reliable electricity for everyone. I believe it could be as transformative as software and vaccines have been.

Q:In many public occasions, you have said that nuclear is the cleanest and most efficient way to solve the energy problem. Also，you supported the idea with practical action. Nowadays, what do you think the role of nuclear energy played in contemporary energy development  What is your view on further potential of nuclear power

A:In the latest IPCC report, the call to action was clear. We need to reduce carbon emissions to stop climate change. One key way to do that is to generate more power with clean sources like nuclear and renewables. That will require the private and public sectors to work together on developing and deploying these sources.

International cooperation is what has allowed nuclear energy to play such an important role over the past 60 years. It led to the use of medical isotopes in 10,000 hospitals worldwide. It aided 30 countries in developing more than 400 operational nuclear power reactors and 245 operational research reactors. Continued global progress on nuclear energy is important for fighting climate change and creating opportunities for growth and development.

Q:To push the nuclear technology to further development, what are the challenges you think we will meet  Meanwhile, in order to make nuclear industry to achieve a global development, what should we do to mitigate these problems

A:Advancing nuclear technology is being deployed. New nuclear construction is underway in 17 countries including China, India and the UAE.

I’m optimistic that advanced technologies like TerraPower’s traveling wave reactor will help overcome some public concerns about nuclear power. Advanced computing and modern engineering tools have closed gaps that made it difficult for nuclear technology to achieve its full potential. Nuclear deployment will take place even faster as new designs reduce waste and simplify the fuel cycle.

How utilities choose to price the power they sell will also affect the future of nuclear energy in some parts of the world. In the U.S., it is a priority right now to preserve nuclear’s role in carbon free electricity generation. The cost of electricity in many markets does not reflect the externalized costs of air pollution and climate change.

The other great potential I see is in the ability for nuclear energy to reduce carbon in industrial processes. Residential and commercial electricity use is only about one third of our total energy use. Transportation and industrial processes represent the other two thirds of energy demand and emissions.

Q:You have attended the China international import expo and made a forum speech. Can you share your impression with us  This year in China, the third-generation nuclear technology AP1000 and EPR has been grid-connected, what’s your expectation on China’s nuclear industry.

A:The world needs to get to nearly zero greenhouse gas emissions, and I think nuclear power is going to play a crucial role in that effort. The most recent IPCC report noted that nuclear power must play a greater role if we’re going to avoid the worst effects of climate change. China’s fast-rising demand for clean energy makes it an attractive market for future new projects.

（本文經(jīng)過泰拉能源授權(quán)刊登,，特別鳴謝泰拉能源公司高級(jí)副總裁王定南,、原環(huán)球創(chuàng)新核能技術(shù)有限公司副總裁章慶華為本次專訪所付出的努力）

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