機(jī)械工程師的生存指南：創(chuàng)造偉大工程之路(轉(zhuǎn))

良生

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2 M' \$ ^& N9 f: {http://nutsandbolts.quora.com/Survival-guide-for-mechanical-engineers-on-the-journey-to-create-astonishing-engineering
1 ?& F5 }7 F5 ]這是quora上一個(gè)工程師寫(xiě)的“機(jī)械工程師的生存指南：創(chuàng)造偉大工程之路”,，大家仔細(xì)看看，我覺(jué)得寫(xiě)得很好,。老外水平確實(shí)不錯(cuò),，完全符合8爺?shù)木���,，“基礎(chǔ)、基礎(chǔ),、還是基礎(chǔ)”,。看來(lái),，高手對(duì)技術(shù)的理解都是一樣的,。我撿重要的翻譯了一些，英語(yǔ)好的可以自己看看,，有錯(cuò)誤的請(qǐng)指正,。
2 u8 G+ B3 f9 a# i& @: B順便說(shuō)下，我為什么覺(jué)得寫(xiě)的好,，因?yàn)槠鋵?shí)在你做技術(shù)的過(guò)程中,，設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中，真正復(fù)雜的,、難以解決的問(wèn)題,，歸根結(jié)底都是那些基礎(chǔ)的數(shù)學(xué)與力學(xué)知識(shí)，這些系統(tǒng)的知識(shí),、深入的知識(shí)必須高強(qiáng)度學(xué)習(xí)才能掌握,。像“六軸機(jī)器人的傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)”、“多少個(gè)動(dòng)作的非標(biāo)裝配機(jī)”,，這些找機(jī)器多看看,，多拆拆，都會(huì)慢慢有辦法解決,。
我唯一想補(bǔ)充的一點(diǎn),，就是還要掌握材料知識(shí)，“材料”和“數(shù)學(xué)”,，是機(jī)械工程的精華,。
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So I have written this like the advice Iwould give myself if I could travel back in time or what I really hope to seein the undergrads I want to hire. I hope you don't get discouraged/put off.
+ R8 d: r, Z, @我寫(xiě)的如下這些建議，希望你不要泄氣或厭惡,。如果讓我重過(guò)一次,，我會(huì)把它給我自己看。如果現(xiàn)在招人,，我會(huì)招這樣的學(xué)生,。
/ X0 |& b2 }$ U% X' b% ?First thing: Solidworks/ProE/AutoCAD/Rhino/Blender/CATIA and GD&T are notskills for degree'd engineers. You don't do a BS/ME for draftsmanship. It'slike putting MS Office on your resume. You can pick that skill up on your owntime.
第一，Solidworks/ProE/AutoCAD/Rhino/Blender/CATIAand GD&T這些不是拿到學(xué)位工程師的技能要求,，成為工程師不是一個(gè)畫(huà)圖員,，就像在簡(jiǎn)歷上說(shuō)你會(huì)MSoffice一樣，花點(diǎn)時(shí)間你能輕松學(xué)會(huì)它,。
4 p3 |* _* x; l" |' gSecond thing: I am talking about becoming an engineer here. You know, the kindthat build rockets and microengines (SandiaMEMS Home Page). I have nothing against grades, but I don'tcare very much for them. So I am not talking about getting the best grades.
第二,，我們?cè)谶@說(shuō)的是成為一個(gè)工程師,，是那種可以實(shí)實(shí)在在建造火箭和微型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的。我不反對(duì)分?jǐn)?shù)制,，不是很在乎它,，因此這里我不討論如何得最高分。

Now. Here's what you need to acquireproficiency in through your 4-year BS.
9 H  D6 m3 t6 R# ~; `+ k現(xiàn)在,，下面這些是你在大學(xué)四年中需要熟練掌握的,。
1 s: ^8 b0 w$ g" F% D0 b" |2 G0. Read Wikipedia.
# l% h" V4 w6 T! }( Z閱讀維基百科
4 v+ J  b. q3 r7 g; @  G1. Programming - Start with Matlab/Python. Thengraduate to C++. An example of a programming goal would be to use this tocreate your own computational graphics engines. Why? Because this teaches youabout visualizing vectors, arrays, transforms and leads you tohigher-dimensional algebra. Make sure you can understand and implementRunge-Kutta family of algorithms before you think you are done. Arecommendation would be to ditch Windows and move to some flavour of Linux orMac. You need to understand concepts behind batch/shell scripting and importingopen source scripts to embed inside your own. If you don't do anything else inyour freshman or sophomore years, that's fine. But make sure you master this.
編程：從Matlab/Python開(kāi)始，接著C++,。舉個(gè)例子,，要達(dá)到用這些語(yǔ)言可以自己編寫(xiě)一個(gè)圖像引擎。為什么,？因?yàn)檫@能讓你把矢量,、陣列、變換圖形化,，并通往高維代數(shù),。要確保你能理解和應(yīng)用Runge-Kutta的算法，這樣才算學(xué)好,。不要只是用windows,，也要領(lǐng)略一下Linux或Mac的風(fēng)采。要能理解batch/shell腳本語(yǔ)言的原理,，并能把利用重要的開(kāi)源腳本搭建自己的腳本,。如果你在一年級(jí)或二年級(jí)什么事也沒(méi)干，確保一定要精通這些,。
( L  A, E$ ^; [6 a2. Linear algebra anddifferential equations - Now,most ME syllabi force the courses on you early on. But very few MEs trulyunderstand these topics. This is the source of all ME theory. I CANNOT STRESSTHIS ENOUGH! Most ME professors DO NOT understand linear algebra or itsimportance - they will fuck it up for you so you will be confused/avoidderivative topics forever. Don't take these courses offered inside yourdepartment - take them from CS or EE or Math professors. Or learn it fromGilbert Strang on Youtube. Tie this together with your programming to createnumerical simulations. Do NOT take these courses until you are done with yourprogramming.

線(xiàn)性代數(shù)和微分方程：現(xiàn)在大部分機(jī)械工程的大綱都要求盡早學(xué)這門(mén)課,，但很少有機(jī)械工程師能真正理解，它們是機(jī)械工程的根本,，再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不過(guò)分。很多機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)教授都不理解線(xiàn)性代數(shù)的重要性,，把它教砸,，去聽(tīng)計(jì)算機(jī)、數(shù)學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)老師開(kāi)的課,�,；蛉�Youtube聽(tīng)GilbertStrang 的課。把它和編程結(jié)合,，進(jìn)行數(shù)值仿真,。不要等編程學(xué)完，再學(xué)它們,。
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3. Statistics - Take this twice. Audit it as afreshman. Then take the course again as a senior. This will be the single mostimportant course you ever take as a professional in any field.
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)：學(xué)兩遍,，第一年學(xué),，高年級(jí)再學(xué)。這是唯一一個(gè)任何專(zhuān)業(yè)都非常重要的一門(mén)課,。
# }9 ?' v7 R9 w# y- u( U4. Engineering mathematics -The rest of your life depends onthis. Pay attention to spatial transforms, Fourier analysis, Complex analysis,Potential theory, PDEs, Interpolation/curve fitting, optimization theory. Lookfor ways to implement these concepts using your programming skills. If you everwonder about the usefulness of any of this, or you get the choice to skip a fewtopics - you are doing it wrong. Good engineers use these concepts EVERYDAY.
工程數(shù)學(xué)：空間變換,、傅里葉分析、復(fù)變函數(shù),、位勢(shì)理論,、偏微分方程組、插值/曲線(xiàn)擬合,、優(yōu)化理論,。結(jié)合編程技能，實(shí)踐它們,。如果認(rèn)為有些沒(méi)用跳過(guò)去,，都是錯(cuò)誤的。好的工程師每天都用它們,。
  @" x# g$ Z9 h$ _6 W- q) t5. Dynamics/Advanced dynamics - Take this in the Physics department.ME profs screw it up here again, they focus on the mechanics of algebraicmanipulation and don't explain concepts very well. Your objective would be tobe able to independently construct FBDs of complex interacting mechanisms, andgenerate classical non/autonomous, non/linear differential equations thatdescribe the time-history of the system. Develop a familiarity with indexnotation and tensors and operator spaces. Your indicial programming experiencewill really help you here.
動(dòng)力學(xué)/高等動(dòng)力學(xué)：聽(tīng)物理系的力學(xué)課,，機(jī)械的教授總是用代數(shù)的方法對(duì)待力學(xué)，對(duì)概念解釋不夠好,。你的目標(biāo)是能獨(dú)立建立復(fù)雜機(jī)械的FBDs(應(yīng)該指自由體受力圖),，能寫(xiě)出經(jīng)典的隨時(shí)間變化系統(tǒng)的自治/非自治、線(xiàn)性/非線(xiàn)性微分方程,，熟悉指標(biāo)記法,，張量和算子空間，你的編程經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以幫助你,。
+ U8 d) D5 y2 H0 _1 a6. Statics/Solid mechanics - Master Timoshenko Goodier/Theory ofelasticity. Even if it takes you the rest of your life. If you got throughpoint 2, you should be able to point out the inefficiency of the SFDs and BMDsand Mohr's circle concepts. Try visualizing the simple cases while cognizantthat life is not simple. Use your programming finesse to program numerical solutionsto your ODEs and equations.
靜力學(xué)/固體力學(xué)：精通鐵木辛柯的彈性理論,，即使花去你的余生。如掌握了第2點(diǎn),，你應(yīng)該能知道SFDs和BMDs的無(wú)效和莫爾圓概念,。要嘗試把簡(jiǎn)單的例子圖形化，其實(shí)這并不簡(jiǎn)單,。使用你的編程技能去解ODEs方程（常微分方程）的數(shù)值解,。
2 `& Q7 e6 T7 {5 ?' s: w7. Vibration theory - If you actually got through point 2,you will find this a breeze. All they do here is study a second order,non/homogenous, non/autonomous non/dimensionalized ordinary differentialequation and the effects of parametric variations (mkc, forcing frequency). Ifyou got through 5, you should be able to figure out all the base excitation,seismic perturbation, isolation, rotating machinery concepts. If you gotthrough 6, then plates/beam vibration problems. If you got through 2 & 4,you will be able to work through MDOF systems and all the modal analysistechniques. This is where you segue to coupled SHO/QHO concepts.
振動(dòng)理論：如果你熟練掌握了第2點(diǎn)，這會(huì)比較輕松,。振動(dòng)理論主要是研究二階,、齊次/非齊次、自治/非自治,、變參/非變參常微分方程,。如你掌握了第5點(diǎn)，你會(huì)知道怎么計(jì)算響應(yīng)、地震擾動(dòng),、減震,、旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械等。掌握第6點(diǎn),，可以解決板,、梁的振動(dòng)問(wèn)題。同時(shí)掌握2和4,，應(yīng)能夠解多自由度系統(tǒng),，掌握模態(tài)分析方法。在這里還要學(xué)習(xí)耦合的SHO/QHO概念,。
* s' c' ?; B' a' h1 r' a+ `8. Thermodynamics/Fluidics - I am not the right person to adviseon these topics. But they are pretty straightforward at the undergraduate leveland mostly applications of differential equations and continuum mechanics.
/ w* t, u# A' l4 F+ X熱力學(xué)/流體力學(xué)：我不適合對(duì)這部分內(nèi)容發(fā)表意見(jiàn),，但它們?cè)诒究齐A段并不難，并且主要是應(yīng)用微分方程和連續(xù)介質(zhì)力學(xué),。
If you followed instructions so far, everything else is a straightforwardapplication of what you should have learned by now. That's all you really needto be a degree'd mechanical engineer - math and physics. Everything else is aspecialization and extension of domains from the presented fields into specifictasks. This is also where you start encountering professional jargon. And don'tlet terms/eponyms scare you off.
如果你按上面執(zhí)行了,，以后就是對(duì)你上面所學(xué)的簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)用。這是一個(gè)機(jī)械工程師應(yīng)該真正掌握的,，數(shù)學(xué)和物理,。你以后碰到的一切專(zhuān)業(yè)問(wèn)題,，都是特定的任務(wù),，只是針對(duì)上面領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用與擴(kuò)展,，以后你會(huì)開(kāi)始碰到一些的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ),，不要被專(zhuān)有名詞和術(shù)語(yǔ)嚇到。
6 z, ~$ V* l) R' a1 H, I0 o7 QAlso mechanical engineers don’t generally design machines from scratch –hobbyists and mathematicians do. We follow standards for our industry, mix andmatch components, or use well defined algorithms to create a new one. There areconcepts in kinematic chains, algebraic linkage synthesis and design that areused here. So sure you can read about gears and machinery and 4-bar linkagesand cams and genevawheels, but it is highly improbable that you, as an ME, will create one. It ismore likely that a technician or a sheet metal worker will create somethingutterly brilliant. So if that’s what you want to do, figure on grad school. Youcan however use your solid mechanics skills to design the components towithstand pyrotechnic impacts.
愛(ài)好者和數(shù)學(xué)家也設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)器,，但機(jī)械工程師不從零開(kāi)始,。我們遵循工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),，組合并匹配已有組件,，用已有的算法來(lái)創(chuàng)造新東西,，例如運(yùn)動(dòng)鏈、連桿綜合和設(shè)計(jì),。確保讀過(guò)齒輪,、機(jī)械學(xué)、4連桿機(jī)構(gòu),、凸輪,、間歇傳動(dòng)輪。有可能,，工程師創(chuàng)造這些機(jī)構(gòu)并不在行，一個(gè)技師或工人會(huì)做得更好,，但你能用固體力學(xué)知識(shí)去設(shè)計(jì)好零件,，承受極大的沖擊力。
- a7 E6 @/ |% p4 FI skip over manufacturing and 'product engineering' classes because they areshit, when taught in school. You can't master manufacturing sitting in a class,and you certainly are never going to learn enough in school about how to designa full product. Those axiomatic design principles and synectics and productlifecycle management and ideation and Gantt charts and brainstorming processesare bullshit. Nobody in real life does that. Those who do, are not engineers.If you really want to understand manufacturing, skim through ManufacturingProcesses for Design Professionals by Rob Thompson, then go talk with people onshop floors, or watch how it's made on Youtube. If you really want tounderstand the product design process, follow Kickstarter h/w startup stories.

忽略掉’制造’、‘產(chǎn)品工程’課程,，因?yàn)樵趯W(xué)校教這些,，毫無(wú)價(jià)值。你不可能在教室里精通制造,，你也不可能在學(xué)校學(xué)會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)好機(jī)器,。那些公理設(shè)計(jì)原理、產(chǎn)品生命周期管理,、甘特圖,、頭腦風(fēng)暴都是胡說(shuō)八道。沒(méi)人真的那樣做,，那樣做的人,，不是工程師。如果你想了解制造,，粗讀一下RobThompson的《面向設(shè)計(jì)的制造方法》,，去跟車(chē)間的人交談，去看youtube上的how it’s made,。想去了解產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程,，去看Kickstarter。
Do not ever waste your time on survey or presentation courses. Avoid attendingschool seminars if you are not interested in the topic. You should attend allseminars that promise to show you math or process or cool videos. You want tokeep an ear out for examples and case studies that show explicit details of howsystems get modeled/implemented using math or experiments. Avoid 'design'seminars (usually a peddler from Wharton or Sloan or Kellog) - they are pretty,but pointless.
不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間在概述或介紹類(lèi)課程上,，不要參加不感興趣主題的討論課,。應(yīng)該參加承諾展示你數(shù)學(xué)、方法或酷視頻的討論課,。要時(shí)刻關(guān)注這樣的案例研究：清楚詳細(xì)的展示如何利用數(shù)學(xué)或?qū)嶒?yàn)對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行建�,；�?qū)崿F(xiàn)。避免‘設(shè)計(jì)’研討（通常來(lái)自Wharton,、Sloan 或Kellog商學(xué)院）,，這些看著美好，但毫無(wú)用處,。
Take all lab classes you can. ALL of them. All you can afford. Pottery too, ifyou have that option. Just drop in to watch other people work if you got thefree time. Pottery as well. Use the equipment there till you break it - You arepaying for it anyway. Make all the mistakes you can ever imagine there. ANDDON'T FUCK AROUND IN THE MACHINE SHOP BRO!!!
) ^$ f" W( |4 b參加所有實(shí)驗(yàn)課,，只要你負(fù)擔(dān)得起。在實(shí)習(xí)車(chē)間,，有空余時(shí)間去看別人如何工作,。使用哪里設(shè)備，直到弄壞,，你已經(jīng)為這買(mǎi)了單,。盡可能犯錯(cuò)，但不要在車(chē)間那里打鬧,。
Amongst other advice, find a PhD student about to graduate every year and getthem to mentor you. Don’t believe in that ‘I am busy’ crap – they all areusually on Quora or editing Wikipedia anyway. I speak from experience. Pickpeople from diverse fields – machine learning, operations optimization, publicpolicy, neurobiology, kernel development … You want to understand what they do,how they do it, what they use to do it and create a possible job network. Youdon’t want seniors to mentor you because, unless they go to grad school, theywill never be in any position to introduce you to great opportunities on timescales relevant to your interests.

/ j5 S0 B0 F% t: R: P  hNow, let's talk about being a professional mechanical engineer
下面談?wù)勅绾纬蔀閷?zhuān)業(yè)的機(jī)械工程師
9. ReadISO/ASME/ASTM/ASTC/ASMI (standardsorganizations) standard practices. That's the only place where they really tellyou how theory meets practice. If you believe your university doesn't provideyou access to those - Sue them! Beg/borrow/steal. Whatever. But if you reallywant to know how things are done; Read the standards. Not the website and theirdiscussion forums. Read the standards.
讀ISO/ASME/ASTM/ASTC/ASMI 這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文件,，那才能告訴你理論如何滿(mǎn)足實(shí)踐，如果你的大學(xué)沒(méi)有，投訴他們,！跪求,、借、偷,，用任何方法,。想要知道事情如果做的，去讀標(biāo)準(zhǔn),，不是在網(wǎng)站或論壇,。
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后面還有，大家可以自己看吧,。

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點(diǎn)滴積累

好,，非常好,，感謝樓主提供的信息。真是太感謝了,，你今晚讓我發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸,，在深圳嗎，如果沒(méi),，來(lái)了,，我請(qǐng)你啊。哈哈,。

huhaofei

你也玩quora�,�,？啥時(shí)候開(kāi)始玩的，我前幾天才開(kāi)始玩

一朵嬌粉嫩的花

誰(shuí)幫我看看,，我進(jìn)去后為什么彈出這個(gè)東西
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都看不明這東西是干什么用的
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0 ?4 w5 I) S. O+ q6 u! X我用W7系統(tǒng)，百度瀏覽器

獨(dú)自莫憑欄

我把它貼出來(lái)吧,，大家可以方便看,。
This post was originally posted in Maybe more than a bachelor's but the original person deleted the answer. I kept an offline copy of the same. So, I am posting it here.
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So I have written this like the advice I would give myself if I could travel back in time or what I really hope to see in the undergrads I want to hire. I hope you don't get discouraged/put off.
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First thing: Solidworks/ProE/AutoCAD/Rhino/Blender/CATIA and GD&T are not skills for degree'd engineers. You don't do a BS/ME for draftsmanship. It's like putting MS Office on your resume. You can pick that skill up on your own time.
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6 p* |* e) J) Q2 e8 T6 \Second thing: I am talking about becoming an engineer here. You know, the kind that build rockets and microengines (Sandia MEMS Home Page). I have nothing against grades, but I don't care very much for them. So I am not talking about getting the best grades.
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; C, B+ R- T5 H5 Z' WNow. Here's what you need to acquire proficiency in through your 4-year BS.

0. Read Wikipedia.

1. Programming - Start with Matlab/Python. Then graduate to C++. An example of a programming goal would be to use this to create your own computational graphics engines. Why? Because this teaches you about visualizing vectors, arrays, transforms and leads you to higher-dimensional algebra. Make sure you can understand and implement Runge-Kutta family of algorithms before you think you are done. A recommendation would be to ditch Windows and move to some flavour of Linux or Mac. You need to understand concepts behind batch/shell scripting and importing open source scripts to embed inside your own. If you don't do anything else in your freshman or sophomore years, that's fine. But make sure you master this.
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2. Linear algebra and differential equations - Now, most ME syllabi force the courses on you early on. But very few MEs truly understand these topics. This is the source of all ME theory. I CANNOT STRESS THIS ENOUGH! Most ME professors DO NOT understand linear algebra or its importance - they will fuck it up for you so you will be confused/avoid derivative topics forever. Don't take these courses offered inside your department - take them from CS or EE or Math professors. Or learn it from Gilbert Strang on Youtube. Tie this together with your programming to create numerical simulations. Do NOT take these courses until you are done with your programming.

5 e% p% A/ W: J: g5 y) P' G. q) |3. Statistics - Take this twice. Audit it as a freshman. Then take the course again as a senior. This will be the single most important course you ever take as a professional in any field.
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( k' K+ B; u3 w' U+ B( C4. Engineering mathematics -The rest of your life depends on this. Pay attention to spatial transforms, Fourier analysis, Complex analysis, Potential theory, PDEs, Interpolation/curve fitting, optimization theory. Look for ways to implement these concepts using your programming skills. If you ever wonder about the usefulness of any of this, or you get the choice to skip a few topics - you are doing it wrong. Good engineers use these concepts EVERYDAY.

5. Dynamics/Advanced dynamics - Take this in the Physics department. ME profs screw it up here again, they focus on the mechanics of algebraic manipulation and don't explain concepts very well. Your objective would be to be able to independently construct FBDs of complex interacting mechanisms, and generate classical non/autonomous, non/linear differential equations that describe the time-history of the system. Develop a familiarity with index notation and tensors and operator spaces. Your indicial programming experience will really help you here.

6. Statics/Solid mechanics - Master Timoshenko Goodier/Theory of elasticity. Even if it takes you the rest of your life. If you got through point 2, you should be able to point out the inefficiency of the SFDs and BMDs and Mohr's circle concepts. Try visualizing the simple cases while cognizant that life is not simple. Use your programming finesse to program numerical solutions to your ODEs and equations.

7. Vibration theory - If you actually got through point 2, you will find this a breeze. All they do here is study a second order, non/homogenous, non/autonomous non/dimensionalized ordinary differential equation and the effects of parametric variations (mkc, forcing frequency). If you got through 5, you should be able to figure out all the base excitation, seismic perturbation, isolation, rotating machinery concepts. If you got through 6, then plates/beam vibration problems. If you got through 2 & 4, you will be able to work through MDOF systems and all the modal analysis techniques. This is where you segue to coupled SHO/QHO concepts.
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8. Thermodynamics/Fluidics - I am not the right person to advise on these topics. But they are pretty straightforward at the undergraduate level and mostly applications of differential equations and continuum mechanics.
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& f: t6 a% g% }+ OIf you followed instructions so far, everything else is a straightforward application of what you should have learned by now. That's all you really need to be a degree'd mechanical engineer - math and physics. Everything else is a specialization and extension of domains from the presented fields into specific tasks. This is also where you start encountering professional jargon. And don't let terms/eponyms scare you off.
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6 D  [& X% T0 e8 P. y+ D) [Also mechanical engineers don’t generally design machines from scratch – hobbyists and mathematicians do. We follow standards for our industry, mix and match components, or use well defined algorithms to create a new one. There are concepts in kinematic chains, algebraic linkage synthesis and design that are used here. So sure you can read about gears and machinery and 4-bar linkages and cams and geneva wheels, but it is highly improbable that you, as an ME, will create one. It is more likely that a technician or a sheet metal worker will create something utterly brilliant. So if that’s what you want to do, figure on grad school. You can however use your solid mechanics skills to design the components to withstand pyrotechnic impacts.
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2 w, ?; U1 V5 TI skip over manufacturing and 'product engineering' classes because they are shit, when taught in school. You can't master manufacturing sitting in a class, and you certainly are never going to learn enough in school about how to design a full product. Those axiomatic design principles and synectics and product lifecycle management and ideation and Gantt charts and brainstorming processes are bullshit. Nobody in real life does that. Those who do, are not engineers. If you really want to understand manufacturing, skim through Manufacturing Processes for Design Professionals by Rob Thompson, then go talk with people on shop floors, or watch how it's made on Youtube. If you really want to understand the product design process, follow Kickstarter h/w startup stories.

Do not ever waste your time on survey or presentation courses. Avoid attending school seminars if you are not interested in the topic. You should attend all seminars that promise to show you math or process or cool videos. You want to keep an ear out for examples and case studies that show explicit details of how systems get modeled/implemented using math or experiments. Avoid 'design' seminars (usually a peddler from Wharton or Sloan or Kellog) - they are pretty, but pointless.
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Take all lab classes you can. ALL of them. All you can afford. Pottery too, if you have that option. Just drop in to watch other people work if you got the free time. Pottery as well. Use the equipment there till you break it - You are paying for it anyway. Make all the mistakes you can ever imagine there. AND DON'T FUCK AROUND IN THE MACHINE SHOP BRO!!!
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Amongst other advice, find a PhD student about to graduate every year and get them to mentor you. Don’t believe in that ‘I am busy’ crap – they all are usually on Quora or editing Wikipedia anyway. I speak from experience. Pick people from diverse fields – machine learning, operations optimization, public policy, neurobiology, kernel development … You want to understand what they do, how they do it, what they use to do it and create a possible job network. You don’t want seniors to mentor you because, unless they go to grad school, they will never be in any position to introduce you to great opportunities on time scales relevant to your interests.
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Now, let's talk about being a professional mechanical engineer
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9. Read ISO/ASME/ASTM/ASTC/ASMI (standards organizations) standard practices. That's the only place where they really tell you how theory meets practice. If you believe your university doesn't provide you access to those - Sue them! Beg/borrow/steal. Whatever. But if you really want to know how things are done; Read the standards. Not the website and their discussion forums. Read the standards.
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10. Take/Audit courses on electromagnetism, digital electronics, electrical theory, VLSI/Silicon based designs, electrical machinery. You should be able to design your own motor driver/filter/power regulator/multivibrator circuits and implement them on PCBs. Start dipping into embedded microcontrollers here. This is where you C++ experience should start paying off.
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4 \4 _7 Y8 a# p9 B: w+ g# U) `11. Signal processing - Audio/image/Power signals - Master the topic of discrete Fourier transforms/spectral densities and how they are used and calculated. Figure out how digital sampling and digital filters work and how filters and masks get designed. Move on to z-transforms and recursive filters. Your statistics background starts to become useful here. At least figure out how to manipulate images using pixel-array math.
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4 x4 I3 Z; ~# f; `" b0 Y; ^12. Control systems - THIS ties up everything. And THIS was the topic that really got you into ME. You didn't join ME to make bridges or prepare CAD layouts for GE ovens or tractor engines or boiler chambers for plants or be a grease monkey. You joined ME to make structures that move, intelligently. If you have done things right so far, this is where you will get to have fun. It ties together your dynamics and linear algebra first, then programming, signal processing and statistics next, finally you implement it all using your electronics/embedded skills.

13. Instrumentation – People have equipment that costs between a thousand dollars to over several million. You need to learn how to use them, AND how to construct them. You will find that making equipment is always cheaper than buying a turnkey system from a manufacturer. So companies prefer to design/assemble their own systems. This should segue into design of experiments/statistical validation. Your goal should be to know how to hook up the hydraulic pressure gauge in an EMD F51PHI locomotive cab suspended 10 ft up in a shed to an office in Minnesota.
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( `$ Y! F- x5 ^4 Z% w8 tAlong with instrumentation, you will frequently need to develop software to control the instruments. Some people use labview, but with your mastery of C/matlab you will do better.
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If you want to get into finite elements, you can’t do that in undergrad. All you will learn is to push buttons. Most engineers only think they understand FEA – they actually don’t. It takes practice, study and experience. The pretty pictures don’t mean much by themselves. So I will say go to grad school or intern with a practicing consultant.

That should about cover your basics and get you a good job. But if you want to get a great job, you will need professional degrees or exhibit skills in some of the following. So, on to specialization:

9 J6 w- b' \/ L* \/ l1 c1. Fracture/fatigue/materials on the nanoscale.
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$ i5 }7 F8 Q; }* B7 K( r9 a2. MEMS – Look up Sandia National Labs/MEMS. Biggest opportunity for MEs since all companies are moving from RnD to ramping up production right about now. Micromachining and processing technologies research is active as well. MOEMS was hot, sensors are sizzling, actuators not so much, lab-on-chip was meandering about, last I checked. Significant effort underway on determining lifetime/reliability as well. People were excited about energy harvesting, but that seems to be toned down now. Lot’s of material science opportunities.
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3. Microfluidics – These guys blow bubbles through microchannels! Look up lab-on-a-chip.

4. Bioengineering – Tissue printing/engineering! There’s also research on mechanical characterization of bio-materials (bones/ligaments/RBCs)
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5. Medical devices/robotics – da Vinci/intuitive. Also swallowable robots and cameras. Lots of health monitoring devices and OR assistants.

3 @& u3 ~& n# s) q3 [5 H6. Robotics/control systems – Typically, you need to be core CS/EE for this. They are the ones doing most of this research. But you can create opportunities for yourself by choosing to focus on dynamic structure design or kinematics or something on that order. Look up Hod Lipson/Cornell or Red Whittaker/CMU or Marc Raibert/ex CMU/MIT leg labs or Rob Wood/Harvard for inspiration. Google and Amazon have raised this field’s profile over the last couple of years. Look up compliant mechanisms/robots, autonomous vehicles, haptics, telepresence, Raytheon XOS II,... Lot’s of bullshit in the name of ‘a(chǎn)ssistive robotics’ (that no one can or will want to afford or use, and medicare won’t support).

+ v8 R! ]. s" R6 B7. Control systems/avionics – I worked on optimizing damage-resilient, real-time coolant distribution through nuclear subs, my ex-boss worked on guidance systems for the Pershing/Hera systems. This is a mature engineering field at the moment (not much RnD) but scope for new applications.
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8. Thermo research – They do crazy things with combustion, not my domain.
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9. Nonlinear dynamics – Applied theory, predicting weather(?!), galloping (hopf) systems, .. this field goes on till quantum cryptography and then some.

) v4 d# S, Y* |8 q! F, K  ~/ R10. Aerospace vehicles – SpaceX. Etc. Vibrations theory, dynamical systems and controls. Your vibrations theory needs to be strongly coupled.

5 O+ K* \" ?; ^9 q11. Infrastructure – Given Keystone or fracking, infrastructure is going to undergo another massive boom.

12. Petroleum - …
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# ?8 I0 O% i4 L0 D# m% n2 s13. FEA – Meshing and geometry algorithms, data compression, rendering are being researched

  M. w! g0 Y1 E14. Energy – fuel cell research, the cryptozoology equivalent in ME They’ve been at it for a while, but it seems to be a funding generation ploy.

15. Marine systems - …

16. Theoretical systems – Lots of work on rule based machine learning based design synthesis, structural optimization (back in early 2000’s it was all about simulated annealing and genetic algos, now they call it machine learning), dynamic self modeling, multi-agent systems,
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17. MAV/Flight dynamics – Concentrated around rotorcraft/flapping wing architectures. Mostly experimental, some theoretical research going on.
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18. ICE research – Very avoid!

19. Tribology - Nonlinear dynamics of rate state dependent friction generate P/S/Love/Rayleigh wave phenomena used to predict earthquakes. Studying hydrodynamic lubrication of journal bearings is a trifle boring compared to that. See Ruina's work at Brown.
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Universities on the West and East coast typically work on the new frontiers of research, while the rest work on last-century concepts. So if you go to school in AK, you will find stuff on corrosion, rotor blades, missiles, defense, aerospace machining … But if you are in MA, you will find machine learning, robotics, vision, SLAM, MEMS, materials, algorithmic synthesis, complex systems etc.
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) t( h4 t, V; OI have written this like the "Survival guide for mechanical engineers on the journey to create astonishing engineering". This is written with North-American ADHD undergrads in mind. So I tend to be didactic, and, in the spirit of times, use hyperbole to signify importance (no selfies, however. Much disappoint.). I also abuse education professionals profusely - But that's only my personal experience – all the additional work I had to put in because courses were not designed right, or because a newly hired asst professor was in  charge of a particular course that they had no experience in or because the lecturer, originally from Asia, had this distracting accent and circuitous description that just  beat about the bush more than I could keep track of or maybe because most of the freshman/sophomore/introductory courses, specially non-core ME courses, are generally fanned out to temp staff/lecturers that generally don't know jackshit about how things are done or don’t care. So you see, personal failing on my part. That's my excuse for the abuse. And there's catharsis involved as well. So I apologize in advance.

1 M# S! ]& O6 T$ H) G; a+ s0 ?I have a BS/AME USC, and MS/MAE, UC system, PhD/ME (and RI+LTI+ECE) CMU. I wasn't a great student during my BS; 2.7 GPA, almost dropped out to be a professional musician. GRE 1600/6.0 happened. I joined the master’s program because I was getting a fellowship & stipend. Programming happened. YouTube happened. OCW video content happened. I worked on projects with all or some of the following labs - LLNL/SNL/LL MIT/NRLMRY/NECSI/SFI through my PhD. For your reference: MS/PhD GPA 3.6/3.8. No money, at the time of graduation. Now making some.

445823809

馬克

浪人tjl

學(xué)習(xí)一下,，增加知識(shí)面,。十分感謝。

hzhuang

學(xué)習(xí)了,，嘿

94371734

翻譯成 ME創(chuàng)新之路生存手冊(cè) 似乎順口點(diǎn),。
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對(duì)我而言這些隨便看看也就罷了，還不如看看機(jī)械原理和幾大力學(xué)來(lái)的實(shí)在,。

dashizuijimo

非常感謝